Ciência, tecnologia e inovação (CT&I) nas Forças Armadas:

autossuficiência ou terceirização?

Abstract

The organization and investment in Science, Technology and Innovation (ST&I) in the Armed Forces are essential for strategic autonomy and national defense (Brazil, 2020). In a global context of intense technological competition and advances in artificial intelligence, cyber warfare and hypersonic weapons, CT&I is critical for Brazil's security and sovereignty (DARPA, 2024; CRS, 2021). Despite its continental dimensions and strategic interests, the country faces budgetary limitations that impact the development and modernization of defense systems (SIPRI, 2024; Macrotrends, 2024). This situation highlights the need for technological updating in areas such as aviation, surveillance, cyber defense, missiles and nuclear propulsion, also seeking opportunities for scientific and industrial development (Matos; Ferreira, 2020; Moura, 2022; Souza, 2022). In this scenario, discussing self-sufficiency or outsourcing in ST&I becomes strategic, requiring choices between internalization of sensitive technologies and partnerships with the Defense Industrial Base (BID) and universities to accelerate innovations even in an environment of resource constraints (Andrade, 2019). Thus, this “Policy Paper” carries out a comparative analysis between the models of self-sufficiency and outsourcing in defense CT&I, bringing updated data and case studies to support public policies. Objectively identifies challenges and opportunities in defining a defense technological strategy for Brazil, considering budget restrictions and the need to sovereignly strengthen technological and industrial capabilities in the defense sector.